![]() The shelf also works as an attractive door. This DIY project will give your home an extra decorative touch that allows you to create a bookshelf doorway. The bookcase not only gives you a place to store books but can be set up as a laundry room or bathroom cupboard.Ī bookshelf doorway is a unique and professional way to create extra storage or display space. This unique product can be placed in any room where extra space is needed – including a child's bedroom. Hidden Bookcase Door Hinges Outswing is an all-in-one door hinge, invisible door, and bookshelf that combines the convenience of an ordinary door with the extra storage space you need. ![]() With this design, you'll get two surprises: when you notice a door there and another when you open the inner bookcase and find your cozy little hideout awaiting you.Ĭlick Here Hidden Bookcase Door Hinges Outswing: This plan will show you how to build an easy-to-install secret bookcase door that doesn't reveal its true purpose on either side of the wall it covers. What a clever way to add a remote entry to your home! This plan allows you to build a secret door that conceals a room behind the bookcase. You Can See: DIY Shutter Plans Build Your Own Secret Bookcase Door For Lair: You can also install a switch in the drywall that opens it at the flip of a switch or by remote control. This hidden bookcase door looks like classic built-ins with hinges, but it is two sides of a solid folding frame that opens like a cabinet with shelves. Plus, there will always be something for them to comment on when guests are over. Another benefit of these DIY Hidden Bookcase Door Plans is adding extra beauty, depth, and character to any room. You can use it to hide paperwork, electronics, or anything you have but don't necessarily want on display. Here's what makes a hidden bookcase door so great. The results are well worth it in the end. ![]() This DIY hidden bookshelf door is easy to make follow the plan and instructions. These DIY Hidden Bookcase Door Plans swing open and shut like any average door when unlocked-but they also slide into place when locked so that they cannot be opened accidentally. You can make something practical and valuable that blends seamlessly into your room. Have you ever wanted some extra book storage or a safe place for valuables or special items? But you were short on closet space? Here's how to build a hidden bookcase door.
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![]() ![]() In 1859, after the first local settlement was established, it became part of the Jefferson Territory on October 24 and of El Paso County on November 28. Part of the territory included in the United States' 1803 Louisiana Purchase, the current city area was designated part of the 1854 Kansas Territory. The Ute, Arapaho and Cheyenne peoples were the first recorded inhabiting the area which would become Colorado Springs. The city is the largest city north of Mexico above 6000 feet in elevation.įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of Colorado Springs, Colorado. Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak, which rises 14,115 feet (4,302.31 m) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains. It is located in east-central Colorado, on Fountain Creek, 70 miles (113 km) south of Denver.Īt 6,035 feet (1,839 m) the city stands over 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level. It is the principal city of the Colorado Springs metropolitan area and the second-most prominent city of the Front Range Urban Corridor. Colorado Springs is the second-most populous city and the most extensive city in the state of Colorado, and the 40th-most populous city in the United States. It is the largest city in El Paso County, with a population of 478,961 at the 2020 United States Census, a 15.02% increase since 2010. ![]() If all else fails, Velveeta works well in a pinch. Ricos also has a salsa con queso dip that’ll do the trick. When it comes to cheese, there’s likely a shelf dedicated to nacho cheese and/or cheese sauce at your local grocery store, but if you can find my beloved Ricos Gourmet Nacho Cheese Sauce, then look no further because that’s your best bet as far as processed cheddar cheese in a can goes. I love to sub in some Chester’s Flamin’ Hot Fries because they’re more porous and soak up the nacho cheese well, but the original Flamin’ Hot Cheetos still can’t be beat for crunch. Brands like Takis, Zapp’s, and Andy Capp’s offer a host of spicy chips with varying heat levels. And if, for some reason, you’re not a fan of Hot Cheetos, there’s a whole flamin’ hot world out there to explore when making this at home. You might even find it on the menu of a neighborhood ice cream truck, often with the bag of chips served horizontally with the top half cut off so that it fits more sturdily in one’s palm. In Texas, the combo pops up at concession stands for sporting events or fruterias that specialize in Mexican snack foods. (Although I would not recommend pouring the cheese directly after removing it from its heat source, as you might melt a hole in the bag and be forced to eat from a bowl instead, and where’s the fun in that?) The only preparation required is warming up the cheese, but even that can be as easy as microwaving it in a heat-safe cup or bowl. So when you combine the crunch and spice of the chips with the warmth and saucy viscosity of the cheese, you have a dynamic snack with its own convenient container. And nacho cheese has always been that girl. Hot Cheetos on their own? Great, fantastic, no notes at all. Since it’s an eat-with-your-hands kind of snack, it does get a little messy, but the flavor payoff is worth it. Gripping the bag shut and shaking it up is optional, but highly recommended to ensure an even cheese distribution. The “dish” is exactly what it sounds like - a single-serving bag of Hot Cheetos opened up and nacho cheese poured directly inside. I first encountered this combination as a high school student in South Texas, so I was surprised to learn as an adult that many people haven’t tried it. Instead, you should be putting it on Hot Cheetos. But I’d argue that nacho cheese has a better use than as a topping for plain tortilla chips. Frito-Lay has been making nacho-cheese-flavored Doritos since the 1970s, and gas stations or movie theaters often have one of those cheese pumps to add gooey yellow goodness to chips. Nachos, despite being a Tex-Mex dish, are everywhere. Serve your fried Hot Cheetos mozzarella sticks by themselves or with your choice of dipping sauce.This post originally appeared in the edition of The Move, a place for Eater’s editors to reveal their recommendations and pro dining tips - sometimes thoughtful, sometimes weird, but always someone’s go-to move. Leave on each side of about 5 seconds-it won't take long for them to fry. Using metal tongs, carefully drop a cheese stick into the heated oil. Add some salt so that you will not get burned by spatters. Pour vegetable oil into a skillet and set on medium heat. Repeat steps 4 and 5 with all cheese sticks if you want a thicker crust. For convenience, use a spoon with your separate hand so that bread crumbs don't build up on your fingers. Roll each cheese stick into the crumbs until fully coated. Cut each in half so it's easier for you to roll them in the beaten egg and batter.ĭip and roll each cheese stick into the beaten egg and then drop the sticks into the crumb bowl. Pour the mixed crumbs into a medium-sized bowl.Ĭrack eggs into a small bowl and beat them. Blend bread crumbs and Hot Cheetos together in a food processor until fine and mixed. The app offers a free trial, so users can try it out before committing to a purchase. With Lumafusion, the possibilities are endless! Affordable The app can be used to create videos for social media, business presentations, or even home movies. In addition, Lumafusion is extremely versatile. Lumafusion also offers a wide range of features, which means that users can create professional-quality videos with ease. The app’s intuitive interface makes it easy to navigate, even for those who are new to video editing. Some of the main features of Lumafusion include the following: User-Friendlyįirst and foremost, Lumafusion is extremely user-friendly. Lumafusion is available in both a free and paid version. It offers a wide range of features, including advanced color correction, multi-track editing, and support for 4K videos. Lumafusion is a powerful video editing app that’s designed for iOS devices. Lumafusion vs Adobe Premiere Pro: Detailed Comparison What is Lumafusion? In this article, we’ll compare Lumafusion and Adobe Premier Pro in detail and help you decide which one is the right choice for you. Both have their pros and cons, so it can be tough to decide which one is the best for you. ![]() Two of the most popular ones are Lumafusion and Adobe Premier Pro. While Premiere Clip does create titles, they can’t be superimposed over video, only against a background color of your choice transitions are also limited to basic fade in/out and dissolve between clips.When it comes to video editing, there are a lot of different software options to choose from. For example, there’s no way to detach audio from accompanying video or adjust either one independently-a fairly trivial matter with iMovie for iOS. Unfortunately, Adobe has gone overboard keeping Clip lean, removing too many of Premiere Pro CC’s flagship features. ![]() There’s also a Smart Volume setting, which does a good job of automatically balancing clip audio levels so they doesn’t get lost under the roar of background music. ![]() In addition to being able to trim the head and tail of individual clips, add image filters or titles, or adjust volume levels, Freeform mode enables per-clip slow-motion settings, as well as the ability to split or duplicate clips. Videos created in Automatic mode can be further customized with a one-tap switch to Freeform.Īutomatic projects can also be switched to Freeform mode by tapping the filmstrip icon, which allows for more customized control over the end result. Automatic works well for slideshows or quick videos where it’s not as necessary to fine-tune the end results, although the app does allow users to replace the music with a different track or adjust where playback begins, as well as rearrange the order in which clips are shown. In the case of the former, the app does most of the work, choosing a soundtrack from a selection of royalty-free tracks and establishing an overall pace that can be tweaked faster or slower as needed. One of the best Adobe Premiere Clip features is the ability to export projects to Premiere Pro CC on the desktop for further editing.Īfter importing one or more files, Premiere Clip offers to create an Automatic or Freeform project. The solution was to open a compatible app like iMovie or Pinnacle Studio Pro and import the files there first to make sure they were actually downloaded to the device, since opening them with the Photos app didn’t seem to do the trick. ![]() Premiere Clip hasn’t yet been optimized for iCloud Photo Library, so at first only a fraction of my videos showed up. Videos and photos can be imported directly from Lightroom or Creative Cloud accounts, device cameras, or iOS albums. ![]() Systems: Inputs related to software, equipment, and processes.Skills: Inputs related to skills that employees, leadership, vendors, and other parties bring to the table.Suppliers: Inputs related to vendors and anyone else that supplies resources, including materials and labor.Surroundings: Inputs related to locations and environments.The 4S fishbone template starts with the following categories: It’s also helpful in identifying a manufacturing plant’s internal processes. The 4S approach is a favorite for service industry teams that want to create a fishbone diagram to solve challenges by pinpointing potential causes. For example, dev teams working on a software deployment work in categories that differ from clinical teams working to reduce patient readmission rates. You can pinpoint the issue(s) using a fishbone diagram for a transparent view of pricing, quality, advertising, and sales.įishbone diagrams let teams create categories that are most important or relevant for their field or project. Say you’re a supply chain leader and your company’s product sales have slowed. ![]() Since the simple fishbone template comes without preset affinities or categories, it works for almost any purpose. Starting with the right categories is critical to success with a root cause analysis diagram. The latter three options are preset with categories that are most commonly used in specific industries. You can use a simple fishbone template for a customized approach or start with a 4S, an 8P, or a 6M fishbone. The main difference across fishbone diagram templates is which affinities or categories you start with and how many you include. This is because you can expand the fishbone diagram’s core structure to fit many use cases, which we will learn about next. These diagrams are also versatile - you can use them in software development, banking, manufacturing, and even home renovation or DIY projects. Teams can better categorize inputs and provide a clear record to circle back to for review based on factors such as: When using a digital template - like the one on - it’s even easier to update the diagram as you go and keeps things moving swiftly even when challenges are identifiedĭigital templates also let the team see updates in real time as they discuss root causes, driving more effective analysis. The main advantage of a fishbone diagram template is that it provides individuals and teams with some structure for brainstorming that can be used again and again. Input spaces: Additional lines or spaces extend off the category or affinity lines, providing space so you can record individual inputs.Fish bones: Lines extend off the central line for each category or affinity.The fish spine: A single line extends to the left, tying the problem or final output to the rest of the diagram.The fish head: On the right-hand side of the diagram, you record the problem or final outcome you’re dealing with in a shape that represents the fish head.The components of a fishbone diagram template include: When one of these diagrams is completed during a meeting or individual brainstorming session, the results usually look somewhat like the skeleton of a fish.Ī fishbone diagram template is a blank diagram with space for recording a problem statement or final outcome as well as categories or affinities and the inputs relevant to each. Get the template What is a fishbone diagram template?Ī fishbone diagram - also sometimes called an Ishikawa diagram, after its inventor - is a brainstorming tool designed to force teams to look at the cause and effect relationship between inputs and outputs. We’ll walk you through problem-solving with these diagrams, and you’ll also find a Fishbone Diagram Template you can use right away for brainstorming sessions on. A cause and effect diagram - or fishbone diagram - helps teams or individuals brainstorm root causes so they’re better positioned to create more viable solutions or improvements.Īt first glance, these diagrams look a bit complex, but the premise behind them is fairly simple. Cause and effect are critical factors for project teams or anyone working to improve a process, as it lets you make informed decisions when changes arise throughout a process. If you borrow 10 books a year, that’s easily a hundred dollars you’ve saved, not to mention avoiding the hassle of side-loading. Display Size: 7. The 7.8 Carta E Ink screen delivers a superior print-quality reading. But giving OverDrive equal weight as a paid bookstore is a remarkable thing. KOBO Aura One eReader (7.8' Carta HD Display, 3x1404 Resolution, Waterproof, With ComfortLight PRO, 8GB storage) eBook Reader / Eink Tablet / E-reader at best. The titles eventually disappear from your device when the lending period is over (although you can re-up), and the selection can be scant. There are hiccups to OverDrive borrowing. I picked up National Book Award finalist Fates and Furies last night with about 30 seconds of work, including the download time. That gets a little tangled, so let me clarify: You can borrow e-books directly on the Aura One, for free, with just a few taps. That’s because Rakuten bought OverDrive in 2015 for over $400 million, which means OverDrive and Kobo are siblings, which is why (thanks, corporate synergy!) the Kobo Aura One has OverDrive built right in. You’ll notice that Tamblyn uses the past tense. “And if any one of those went wrong, it was usually a customer service call to us.” “The previous experience of people side-loading to the device was 16 steps to borrow through a library,” says Tamblyn. ![]() You have to sign up at your library, register at OverDrive on your browser, download a book, transfer it to your device it’s a mess, no matter what e-reader you own. The reason more people don’t know about this, or maybe more accurately just don’t do it, is that the process is a pain. I know, right? Free books! And it’s not like you were going to display them on your built-ins anyway. ![]() You can rent them from your local library, through a company called OverDrive. Kobos Aura One (229.99) looks to turn heads with its larger-than-average 7.8-inch display and IPX8-rated water resistance, which could make it a big deal at the beach. Even with that bigger screen, at 230 grams or 8.1 ounces, this Aura is thinner and a touch lighter than the earlier Aura H20, which has a 6.8-inch screen. 2 3 Available for pre-order the same day, it cost 149.99 USD/CAD. It was revealed 27 August 2013 at Kobo's Beyond the Book Event in New York City, along with three new Kobo Arc devices. Apologies if this comes as no surprise, but you don’t actually have to purchase e-books. The Kobo Aura is the fifth generation of E-book readers designed and marketed by Kobo Inc. ![]() Digital access requires activation at /activate. Smartphone apps are not supported on all devices does not include Kindle edition. Digital subscriptions include, iPad apps, smartphone apps, mobile websites and e-Edition. Digital-only subscriptions may automatically renew after the initial term at the ongoing renewal rate of $39.99 per month rate unless you tell us to cancel. For subscribers that receive a mailed renewal bill, a $4.99 plus tax printed bill fee will apply for each renewal period. Payments, credits, and price increases can adjust your expiration date. By providing your phone number and email address, you give The Modesto Bee and its vendors consent to contact you consistent with our Privacy Policy. Any past due balance may be deducted prior to the subscription start. Notice of rate changes will be mailed or emailed to the subscriber billing/email address at least 30 days in advance of the change. We reserve the right to substitute the delivery and format of your print subscription with an eEdition (digital replica of a print edition) at any time. Our content is delivered to you by various methods and formats. All subscriptions include applicable sales tax. Upon your expiration date, the cost for the subscription grace period could be higher than the rate that was previously paid. During the "grace period", the rate will be as stated in your renewal notice, which could be higher than the rate that was previously paid since the rate will transition into the then current rate for your account. If you have not notified us that you are terminating your account prior to your renewal date, your account may qualify to briefly transition into a "grace period" account status until you either make the past due payment or the "grace period" expires. All subscription account payments are non-refundable. Cancellations take effect at the end of your current subscription term. Q: Are there any terms and conditions to my subscription offer?įor your convenience, your subscription will automatically renew after the initial term at the current rate unless you tell us to cancel. Remember the eEdition is accessible online every day as early as 5am. Q: How do I report a problem with my newspaper delivery?Ĭall or email Customer Service. ![]() We can suspend your service until you contact us to resume delivery. Vacation Will Call: Not sure when you will return? No problem. Vacation Pack: We can have your carrier hold your papers while you are away and deliver all of them upon your return and resume delivery. If you notify us in advance, we will suspend delivery of your newspaper while you are away. Login and click on "Vacation Holds" in the menu options to notify us of your vacation stop and restart dates. Q: If I go on vacation how will I temporarily suspend delivery of my newspaper? Your subscription will also be extended for a limited time (grace period) after the expiration date unless you notify us otherwise. All subscription payments are due upon receipt of your renewal notice and your subscription will automatically renew unless we are notified to cancel. If you choose to be billed through the mail, you should receive your renewal notice two to three weeks prior to your subscription expiration date. Your credit card or bank account will be charged automatically. If you enroll in EZPay, you will not receive a bill. Q: How will I be billed for my newspaper subscription? Your subscription to The Modesto Bee includes the printed newspaper and unlimited access to all content on our newspaper's website, our mobile site, our iPhone and Android smartphone apps, and our electronic replica of the print edition (eEdition). Visit "Contact Us" link for more information. *E-mail submission: Noon for the next day's publicationsĪll obits must be approved and paid by 12:00 pm Noon.Here are answers to some frequently asked questions.*EZAds submissions: 1pm for the next day's publication.Omission of any of this information will delay publication.Īll obits must be approved and paid by 2:00 pm. Please provide your name, address, Phone number and the name and city of the funeral home or cremation society. If the mortuary does not place the obituary notice, you can place one yourself by via our online obituary form.įor more information and guidelines on personalizing an obituary click here. ![]() An obituary notice is a paid listing, often provided for you by the attending mortuary. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() athletes – caffeine is not classified as a prohibited substance under the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List External Link.Having high amounts of caffeine may increase your risk of miscarriage, experiencing a difficult birth and having a baby with a low birth weight pregnant women – if you are pregnant, limit your caffeine intake to 200mg per day or less, or avoid it altogether.The consumption of energy drinks should also be closely monitored Remember that caffeine is present in many soft drinks and chocolate, not just coffee and tea. Caffeine intake should be investigated if children are showing symptoms of irritability, inability to sleep, interrupted sleep or stomach upsets. children – currently there are no guidelines for children's intake of caffeine.Some people who need to take special care with caffeine include: Children, pregnant women, athletes and caffeine This gives your nervous system time to adapt to functioning without the drug. The easiest way for you to break caffeine dependence is to reduce the amount you’re having gradually. Symptoms of caffeine withdrawal may begin within 12 to 24 hours and can last about seven days. If you are dependent on caffeine and you stop having it, you may experience withdrawal symptoms. Over time, you may become physically and psychologically dependent on caffeine to function effectively. This means you become used to its effects on your body and need to take larger amounts to achieve the same results. Like many other drugs, it’s possible to build up a tolerance to caffeine. The levels of caffeine in energy drinks vary between brands, so it is important to read the label before having them.Ĭhildren and pregnant women should avoid drinking energy drinks. In fact it is often higher than in soft drinks. The caffeine and sugar content of energy drinks is high. Energy drinks do not hydrate and should not be confused with sports drinks. caffeine tablets such as No-Doz – 100mg per tablet.Įnergy drinks contain caffeine, as well as ingredients such as taurine and guarana (a natural source of caffeine).guarana: can contain up to 100mg per 1g of guarana.milk chocolate bar – 10mg per 50g serve.dark chocolate bar: 40-50mg per 55g serve.espresso coffees such as espresso or latte: 105–110mg per 250ml.drip or percolated coffee: 150–240mg per 250ml.Research suggests that 400mg per day or less is an acceptable dose of caffeine for the general population.Īpproximate caffeine levels per serve include: It also depends on whether your body is used to getting regular doses of caffeine and how much you have in one serving. How you react to caffeine depends on your body mass, health and metabolism. first feeling energetic but then having an even greater feeling of tiredness.Some of the signs and symptoms of having too much caffeine include: Depending on the individual, these effects can last up to 12 hours. These effects can include increased breathing and heart rate, and increased mental alertness and physical energy. What does caffeine do to your body?Ĭaffeine is well absorbed by the body, and the short-term effects are usually experienced between 5 and 30 minutes after having it. Like many other drugs, it’s possible to develop a tolerance to caffeine, which means you need bigger and bigger doses to achieve the same effect. In large doses, caffeine can make you feel anxious and have difficulty sleeping. In small doses, caffeine can make you feel refreshed and focused. It also increases the circulation of chemicals such as cortisol and adrenaline in the body. Guarana (a popular additive in energy drinks) is also a natural source of caffeine.Ĭaffeine is a stimulant, which means it increases activity in your brain and nervous system. It may also be in chocolate bars, energy bars and some non-prescription medications, such as cough syrup and slimming tablets. It is in coffee, black and green tea, cocoa, cola soft drinks and energy drinks. Caffeine is naturally found in the leaves and fruits of some plants. Microsoft Edge - For Mac OS 10.12 and later.īrave - for Mac OS 10.11 and later. Note: earlier 14.1.2 downloads than Septemdo not have the latest security patch. For older systems this often means choosing one of the browsers below for more current support of security and browsing standards. Apple's security update patches are documented on Apple security updates - Apple Support, and indicate when each operating system got its last security update, and hence also last release of Safari. Safari 14.1.2- for Mac OS 10.14 (use 10.14.6 combo, Apple menu -> About This Mac -> Software Update). JSafari 16.6* Only available for Monterey, and Big Sur and Ventura via Apple menu -> About This Mac -> Software Update.ĪugSafari 15.6.1 Last update for Catalina through Apple menu -> About This Mac -> Software Update. Edge was based off of Chromium's original genuine distribution. As many users have found Chromium early sources before it was secured, I do not mention it, and recommend only using the above browsers unless you are sure the Chromium version you are using is safe. Note: Chromium is not to be confused with Chrome. Any Mac that can be upgraded to 10.8.5 can be upgraded to 10.11.6ġ0.10.5 Yosemite - Omniweb, Firefox (July 2021 last Security update), Waterfox, iCabġ0.9.5 Mavericks - Omniweb, Firefox (July 2021 last Security update), Waterfox, iCabġ0.8.5 Mountain Lion - Omniweb, Arctic Fox, Waterfox, iCab, Spiderweb, Snow Monkey (10.8.3 is minimum for Java 8)ġ0.7.5 Lion - Omniweb, Arctic Fox, Waterfox, iCab, Spiderweb, Snow Monkey (10.7.3 is minimum for Java 7)ġ0.4 Tiger, 10.5 Leopard, 10.6.8 Snow Leopard - Omniweb, iCab, Tenfourfox, Spiderweb, Snow Monkey, Interweb PPC listed primarily for PowerPC on 10.4 and 10.5ġ0.3 to 10.3.9 Panther - Classila, iCab, Tenfourfoxġ0.2.8 Jaguar and earlier, Classila and iCab. Note: for many El Capitan is the end of the line for their model. Previous OSes may support the code as a suffix to the password entered.ġ0.11.6 El Capitan - VIvaldi, Omniweb, Brave, Chrome, Opera, Firefox (July 2021 last Security update), Waterfox, iCab ![]() ![]() To support Apple iCloud/account multifactor authentication. Safari is not up to date on this or any older operating systemġ0.14.6 Mojave - Vivaldi, Edge, Brave, Chrome, Opera, Firefox 115 last release, Waterfox, iCabġ0.13.6 High Sierra - Vivaldi, Edge, Brave, Chrome, Opera, Firefox 115 last release, Waterfox, iCabġ0.12.6 Sierra - Vivaldi, Omniweb, Edge, Brave, Chrome, Opera, Firefox 115 last release, Waterfox, iCab. You may find on download sites earlier versions of these browsers, but they are not necessarily secure, and often these sites have advertisements for malware (the direct operating system links go to how to upgrade to those systems):ġ3.5 Ventura - Vivaldi, Safari, Edge, Brave, Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Waterfox (Intel only), iCabġ2.6.8 Monterey - Vivaldi, Safari, Edge, Brave, Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Waterfox (Intel only), iCabġ1.7.9* Big Sur - Vivaldi, Safari, Edge, Brave, Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Waterfox (Intel only), iCabġ0.15.7* Catalina - Vivaldi, Edge, Brave, Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Waterfox, iCabįirst OS to support only 64 bit applications. As of July 24, 2023, the following browser compatibility exists (order is completely arbitrary):įirst by operation system, links to individual browsers by system will follow the list by OS. ![]() Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent or it may aim to prolong life or to palliate symptoms. There are a number of strategies in the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs used today. Methotrexate, vincristine, doxorubicin, cisplatinĬyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, vinorelbineĥ-fluorouracil, folinic acid, oxaliplatinĭoxorubicin, cisplatin, methotrexate, ifosfamide, etoposide Mustine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisoloneĬyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone Treatment strategies Common combination chemotherapy regimens Cancer typeĬyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vinorelbineĭoxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine These include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis and many others. Because of the effect on immune cells (especially lymphocytes), chemotherapy drugs often find use in a host of diseases that result from harmful overactivity of the immune system against self (so-called autoimmunity). This results in the most common side-effects of chemotherapy: myelosuppression (decreased production of blood cells, hence also immunosuppression), mucositis (inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract), and alopecia (hair loss). Many of the side effects of chemotherapy can be traced to damage to normal cells that divide rapidly and are thus sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs: cells in the bone marrow, digestive tract and hair follicles. To a large extent, chemotherapy can be thought of as a way to damage or stress cells, which may then lead to cell death if apoptosis is initiated. ![]() Traditional chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic by means of interfering with cell division (mitosis) but cancer cells vary widely in their susceptibility to these agents. Systemic therapy is often used in conjunction with other modalities that constitute local therapy (i.e., treatments whose efficacy is confined to the anatomic area where they are applied) for cancer such as radiation therapy, surgery or hyperthermia therapy. Importantly, the use of drugs (whether chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or targeted therapy) constitutes systemic therapy for cancer in that they are introduced into the blood stream and are therefore in principle able to address cancer at any anatomic location in the body. By contrast, other inhibitions of growth-signals like those associated with receptor tyrosine kinases are referred to as targeted therapy. The development of therapies with specific molecular or genetic targets, which inhibit growth-promoting signals from classic endocrine hormones (primarily estrogens for breast cancer and androgens for prostate cancer) are now called hormonal therapies. The connotation of the word chemotherapy excludes more selective agents that block extracellular signals ( signal transduction). The term chemotherapy has come to connote non-specific usage of intracellular poisons to inhibit mitosis (cell division) or induce DNA damage, which is why inhibition of DNA repair can augment chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs) or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms ( palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs ( chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. |
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